A Detailed Explanation of the Working Principle and Basic Functions of Solar Power Lighting Systems

        Solar power lighting systems (single-lamp control) have been gradually adopted in certain projects and scenarios, such as street lamps, garden lamps, and lawn lamps. The development and application of such systems have played a positive role in energy conservation, consumption reduction, and environmental protection.

       Working Principle of Solar Power Lighting Systems

        Working principle of centralized controllable solar power lighting systems: Under sunlight exposure, electrical energy generated by solar photovoltaic modules is used to charge battery packs via the system controller and the battery overcharge protection port. The inverter, grid-connected switch, utility grid, and mains switch form the grid-connection section of the system. In special cases where sunlight is insufficient or battery power is low, the battery packs can be directly charged by the utility grid. Meanwhile, the system is designed to enable power feedback from the battery packs to the utility grid when there is surplus electricity, though this power supply mode has not been implemented yet.

        The lamp group connection control port is equipped with a general single-chip microcomputer or other devices with computing and control functions. Electrical energy output from the battery bank is transmitted through the over-discharge, overload, and short-circuit protection ports, then via the lamp group connection control port and constant voltage & constant current light source control port of the system controller, to supply power to energy-saving light sources. This allows the light sources to adjust brightness and color according to actual needs.

        Basic Functions of Solar Power Lighting Systems

        The centralized controllable solar power lighting system has the following basic functions:

1. Battery overcharge protection and reverse charge protection

2. Battery over-discharge protection and reverse discharge protection

3. Battery short-circuit protection and reverse connection protection

4. Load function provision

5. Real-time system status feedback for users/operators

6. Control of lighting variations (including time-based adjustments, color changes, and brightness adjustments)

7. Provision of backup control interfaces and connection control port functions

8. Supply of surplus system power to auxiliary loads for consumption

9. Utility grid connection capability

10. Lightning protection and grounding protection functions

11. System control functions can be increased or decreased according to customers' actual lighting requirements

12. Control circuit quiescent current ≤ 1% of the rated operating current

13. Control circuit voltage drop ≤ 5% of the system voltage